The Role of Random Events in Extinction

Posted on January 03, 2009 in Global warming causes and effects

Researchers assess the risk of species extinction with conservation models that combine factors that drive down populations--including habitat loss, hunting and overfishing--with the probability of chance disasters affecting the group. Even if human activities greatly affect a species, “all populations that go extinct [ultimately] suffer a string of unfortunate random events, such as a fire, that wipe out the last individuals,” says Brett Melbourne, a mathematical ecologist at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Until recently, mathematical models of extinction risk included only two types of randomness. The first--variability in the environment, such as rainfall or temperature changes--impacts birth and death rates across the entire population. The second involves random events affecting select individuals within a group. Siblings may have the same probability of dying in a given year, for example, but only one may be lost to, say, an accidental drowning or other chance event. [More] Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More]

Tags: event, population, polar, animals, extinction

Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on December 14, 2008 in Information on global warming

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Will the Opening of the Northwest Passage Transform Global Shipping Anytime Soon? It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage's waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia. The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today's space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada's Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name--and lost his life--on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance. [More]

Tags: passage, northwest, water, animals, polar

Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on December 14, 2008 in Consequences of global warming

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Will the Opening of the Northwest Passage Transform Global Shipping Anytime Soon? It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage's waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia. The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today's space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada's Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name--and lost his life--on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance. [More]

Tags: passage, northwest, water, animals, polar

Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on December 14, 2008 in Global warming real

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Will the Opening of the Northwest Passage Transform Global Shipping Anytime Soon? It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage's waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia. The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today's space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada's Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name--and lost his life--on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance. [More]

Tags: passage, northwest, water, animals, polar

Winged Superlatives: The Ancient and Modern Diversity of Bats

Posted on December 06, 2008 in Information about global warming

Bats are the only mammals that can fly. Scientists have therefore been eager to learn how they evolved from their terrestrial ancestors. Until recently, however, even the oldest fossil bats still looked essentially like modern bats. New fossils have revealed a species that is helping to connect the dots between bats and their nonflying forebears. Findings from genetics and developmental biology have further illuminated bat origins, elucidating their place in the mammal family tree and the process by which the bat wing may have evolved. [More] 100 Years Ago: Engineering a City--New York City's Bridges DECEMBER 1958EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR-- “But is it not possible that beneath all the variations of individual behavior there lies an inner structure of inherited behavior which characterizes all the members of a given species, genus or larger taxonomic group--just as the skeleton of a primordial ancestor characterizes the form and structure of all mammals today? Yes, it is possible! Let me give an example which, while seemingly trivial, has a bearing on this question. Anyone who has watched a dog scratch its jaw or a bird preen its head feathers can attest to the fact that they do so in the same way. A bird also scratches with a hind limb (that is, its claw), and in doing so it lowers its wing and reaches its claw forward in front of its shoulder. One might think that it would be simpler for the bird to move its claw directly to its head without moving its wing, which lies folded out of the way on its back. I do not see how to explain this clumsy action unless we admit that it is inborn. --Konrad Z. Lorenz” [More]

Tags: bat, behavior, wing, claw, bird

Winged Superlatives: The Ancient and Modern Diversity of Bats

Posted on December 06, 2008 in Global warming research

Bats are the only mammals that can fly. Scientists have therefore been eager to learn how they evolved from their terrestrial ancestors. Until recently, however, even the oldest fossil bats still looked essentially like modern bats. New fossils have revealed a species that is helping to connect the dots between bats and their nonflying forebears. Findings from genetics and developmental biology have further illuminated bat origins, elucidating their place in the mammal family tree and the process by which the bat wing may have evolved. [More] 100 Years Ago: Engineering a City--New York City's Bridges DECEMBER 1958EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR-- “But is it not possible that beneath all the variations of individual behavior there lies an inner structure of inherited behavior which characterizes all the members of a given species, genus or larger taxonomic group--just as the skeleton of a primordial ancestor characterizes the form and structure of all mammals today? Yes, it is possible! Let me give an example which, while seemingly trivial, has a bearing on this question. Anyone who has watched a dog scratch its jaw or a bird preen its head feathers can attest to the fact that they do so in the same way. A bird also scratches with a hind limb (that is, its claw), and in doing so it lowers its wing and reaches its claw forward in front of its shoulder. One might think that it would be simpler for the bird to move its claw directly to its head without moving its wing, which lies folded out of the way on its back. I do not see how to explain this clumsy action unless we admit that it is inborn. --Konrad Z. Lorenz” [More]

Tags: bat, behavior, wing, claw, bird

The Role of Random Events in Extinction

Posted on December 06, 2008 in Information about global warming

Researchers assess the risk of species extinction with conservation models that combine factors that drive down populations--including habitat loss, hunting and overfishing--with the probability of chance disasters affecting the group. Even if human activities greatly affect a species, “all populations that go extinct [ultimately] suffer a string of unfortunate random events, such as a fire, that wipe out the last individuals,” says Brett Melbourne, a mathematical ecologist at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Until recently, mathematical models of extinction risk included only two types of randomness. The first--variability in the environment, such as rainfall or temperature changes--impacts birth and death rates across the entire population. The second involves random events affecting select individuals within a group. Siblings may have the same probability of dying in a given year, for example, but only one may be lost to, say, an accidental drowning or other chance event. [More] Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More]

Tags: event, population, polar, animals, extinction

Updating the Science of Global Warming: A Q&A with Marine Biologist Katherine Richardson

Posted on December 06, 2008 in Global warming research

When the world's governments gather in December 2009 in Copenhagen to negotiate a treaty to restrain global greenhouse gas emissions, the science on which they base their decision could be as much as four years out of date. The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offered its synthesis of existing research in February 2007 and it was based on studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals only through 2005. [More] Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More]

Tags: polar, animals, climate, change, science

The Role of Random Events in Extinction

Posted on December 06, 2008 in Information about global warming

Researchers assess the risk of species extinction with conservation models that combine factors that drive down populations--including habitat loss, hunting and overfishing--with the probability of chance disasters affecting the group. Even if human activities greatly affect a species, “all populations that go extinct [ultimately] suffer a string of unfortunate random events, such as a fire, that wipe out the last individuals,” says Brett Melbourne, a mathematical ecologist at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Until recently, mathematical models of extinction risk included only two types of randomness. The first--variability in the environment, such as rainfall or temperature changes--impacts birth and death rates across the entire population. The second involves random events affecting select individuals within a group. Siblings may have the same probability of dying in a given year, for example, but only one may be lost to, say, an accidental drowning or other chance event. [More] Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More]

Tags: event, population, polar, animals, extinction

The Role of Random Events in Extinction

Posted on December 05, 2008 in Global warming research

Researchers assess the risk of species extinction with conservation models that combine factors that drive down populations--including habitat loss, hunting and overfishing--with the probability of chance disasters affecting the group. Even if human activities greatly affect a species, “all populations that go extinct [ultimately] suffer a string of unfortunate random events, such as a fire, that wipe out the last individuals,” says Brett Melbourne, a mathematical ecologist at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Until recently, mathematical models of extinction risk included only two types of randomness. The first--variability in the environment, such as rainfall or temperature changes--impacts birth and death rates across the entire population. The second involves random events affecting select individuals within a group. Siblings may have the same probability of dying in a given year, for example, but only one may be lost to, say, an accidental drowning or other chance event. [More] Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More]

Tags: event, population, polar, animals, extinction

Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on November 21, 2008 in Global warming

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Will the Opening of the Northwest Passage Transform Global Shipping Anytime Soon? It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage's waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia. The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today's space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada's Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name--and lost his life--on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance. [More]

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Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on November 21, 2008 in Global warming images

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Will the Opening of the Northwest Passage Transform Global Shipping Anytime Soon? It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage's waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia. The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today's space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada's Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name--and lost his life--on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance. [More]

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Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on November 21, 2008 in Facts global warming

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Will the Opening of the Northwest Passage Transform Global Shipping Anytime Soon? It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage's waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia. The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today's space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada's Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name--and lost his life--on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance. [More]

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Cuddly Creatures

Posted on November 12, 2008 in Global warming

Three fanciful picture books about bears, and one sad one about global warming: “A Visitor for Bear,”“Bear’s Picture,”“Wonder Bear,” and “Ice Bears.” When Science Fiction Morphed Into Politics Readers trusted Crichton to signal exaggerations. He may have fallen short at the end.

Tags: bear, picture, trusted, readers, morphed

Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on November 12, 2008 in Global warming

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Reviews: The Superorganism Quantum Ten: A Story of Passion, Tragedy, Ambition, and Scienceby Sheilla Jones. Oxford University Press, 2008 [More]

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Life at the Poles: Eight Polar Animals That Face the Promise and Peril of Climate Change

Posted on November 11, 2008 in Global warming

Polar bears and penguins get all the attention but there's more than large, fuzzy and feathered animals thriving at the frozen antipodes of our planet. Both of Earth's polar environments host rich webs of plants and animals--and all of these inhabitants face a changing clime. [More] Will the Opening of the Northwest Passage Transform Global Shipping Anytime Soon? It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow, but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters: multiyear ice. It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage's waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean, thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia. The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time. For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today's space race, with European superpowers vying for the prize. Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada's Arctic waters, including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake, Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson, who left his name--and lost his life--on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance. [More]

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Scary New World

Posted on November 09, 2008 in Global warming pics

Two novels set in a chilling future where civilization barely survives: “The Dead and the Gone” and “The Hunger Games.” Cuddly Creatures Three fanciful picture books about bears, and one sad one about global warming: “A Visitor for Bear,”“Bear’s Picture,”“Wonder Bear,” and “Ice Bears.”

Tags: bear, picture, books, fanciful, sad

Scary New World

Posted on November 09, 2008 in Information on global warming

Two novels set in a chilling future where civilization barely survives: “The Dead and the Gone” and “The Hunger Games.” Cuddly Creatures Three fanciful picture books about bears, and one sad one about global warming: “A Visitor for Bear,”“Bear’s Picture,”“Wonder Bear,” and “Ice Bears.”

Tags: bear, picture, books, fanciful, sad

Scary New World

Posted on November 08, 2008 in Children global warming

Two novels set in a chilling future where civilization barely survives: “The Dead and the Gone” and “The Hunger Games.” Cuddly Creatures Three fanciful picture books about bears, and one sad one about global warming: “A Visitor for Bear,”“Bear’s Picture,”“Wonder Bear,” and “Ice Bears.”

Tags: bear, picture, books, fanciful, sad

Scary New World

Posted on November 08, 2008 in Consequences of global warming

Two novels set in a chilling future where civilization barely survives: “The Dead and the Gone” and “The Hunger Games.” Cuddly Creatures Three fanciful picture books about bears, and one sad one about global warming: “A Visitor for Bear,”“Bear’s Picture,”“Wonder Bear,” and “Ice Bears.”

Tags: bear, picture, books, fanciful, sad